Shamanism is a cultural practice present throughout history that draws on dreams and visions. This program begins with an account of the sophisticated dream practices of the Iroquois and the Achuar of Equador, which have both been compared with modern psychotherapy. Indigenous societies also may have had culture shamans who received guidance for their people as a whole. This will be illustrated by contemporary examples of Oglala Sioux Black Elk and C. G. Jung, each of whom had sweeping visionary dreams about impending large-scale disasters; and the examples of Harriet Tubman and Taoist rainmaker Kiao-chou, who enacted effective rituals for societies in distress.